![]() For this reason, these two groups of states were analyzed separately. In 28 states* and the District of Columbia (DC), the 2003 version of the standard certificate of death is used (which collects the highest degree completed), whereas 20 states † use the 1989 version of the certificate (which collects the number of years of education completed). Absolute differences in rates between two populations were compared using a test statistic, z, based on a normal approximation at a critical value of α = 0.05 ( 9).Įducational attainment is recorded by two methods on death certificates. Persons of Hispanic ethnicity might be of any race or combination of races. NVSS codes racial categories as non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN), and Asian/Pacific Islander (A/PI) ethnicity is coded separately as Hispanic or non-Hispanic ( 1). Counts and rates of death can be obtained by underlying cause of death, mechanism of injury, state, county, age, race, sex, year, injury cause of death (e.g., firearm, poisoning, or suffocation) and by manner of death (e.g., suicide, homicide, or unintentional injury) ( 8). ![]() The WISQARS database contains mortality data based on NVSS and population counts for all U.S. Data in this report include suicides from any cause during 2005–2009. Mortality data were drawn from CDC's National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), which collects death certificate data filed in the 50 states and the District of Columbia ( 1). The aggregate 2005–2009 reporting period was used to describe patterns for the combined age group and race/ethnicity because sample sizes for any single year were limited. The 2009 data were used to describe the overall patterns in suicides. In this report, NVSS data provided as of February 2012 were used. To determine differences in the prevalence of suicide by sex, race/ethnicity, age, and educational attainment in the United States, CDC analyzed 2005–2009 data from the Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System - Fatal (WISQARS Fatal) ( 8) and the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS). The purposes of this report are to discuss and raise awareness of differences in the characteristics of suicide decedents and to prompt actions to reduce these disparities. ![]() This report updates information that was presented in the 2011 CHDIR ( 7) by providing more current data on suicide in the United States. The topic presented in this report is based on criteria that are described in the 2013 CHDIR Introduction ( 6). The 2011 CHDIR ( 5) was the first CDC report to assess disparities across a wide range of diseases, behavior risk factors, environmental exposures, social determinants, and health-care access. This report is part of the second CDC Health Disparities and Inequalities Report (CHDIR). Although self-directed violence affects members of all racial/ethnic groups in the United States, it often is misperceived to be a problem affecting primarily non-Hispanic white males ( 4). Suicide is a complex human behavior that results from an interaction of multiple biological, psychological, social, political, and economic factors ( 3). In 2005, the estimated cost of self-directed violence (fatal and nonfatal treated) was $41.2 billion (including $38.9 billion in productivity losses and $2.2 billion in medical costs) ( 2). In 2009, suicide was the 10th-leading cause of death in the United States and the cause of 36,909 deaths ( 1). ![]() Injury from self-directed violence, which includes suicidal behavior and its consequences, is a leading cause of death and disability. Crosby, Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC. 1 National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDCĢ Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, CDCĬorresponding author: Alex E.
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